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Bomb Calorimeter

Bomb Calorimeter

Bomb Calorimeter

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A Bomb Calorimeter is a laboratory apparatus used to measure the heat of combustion of a substance, typically solid or liquid fuels and food samples. It determines the calorific value (energy content) by burning the sample in a controlled environment and measuring the heat released. A bomb calorimeter consists of a strong, airtight steel container called the bomb, which can withstand high pressure. Inside the bomb, the sample is placed in a crucible and ignited electrically in the presence of pure oxygen. The bomb is then immersed in a known quantity of water contained in an insulated jacket. When the sample combusts, the released heat raises the temperature of the surrounding water. A sensitive thermometer or digital sensor records the temperature change, which is then used to calculate the energy released by the sample. The entire system is designed to minimize heat loss, ensuring accurate measurement of the combustion energy.

 

Properties:

  1. Strong Steel Bomb Chamber – Made of corrosion-resistant, thick-walled stainless steel to withstand high pressure during combustion.

  2. Oxygen Charging System – Allows filling of pure oxygen (up to 25–30 atm) to ensure complete combustion of the sample.

  3. Sample Holder (Crucible) – Heat-resistant crucible to hold the solid or liquid fuel sample securely.

  4. Ignition System – Electric ignition wire or fuse to initiate combustion inside the bomb.

  5. Water Jacket – Surrounds the bomb and absorbs the released heat; insulated to minimize heat loss.

  6. Thermometer / Digital Sensor – High-precision device (±0.001 °C sensitivity) to detect temperature rise of water.

  7. Stirring Mechanism – Ensures uniform distribution of heat in the water for accurate measurement.

  8. Calibration Standard – Often calibrated using a known substance (like benzoic acid) for reliable energy value determination.

  9. Safety Features – Designed to safely contain explosions, with pressure release mechanisms.

  10. High Accuracy – Provides precise calorific value (heat of combustion) of fuels, food samples, and other materials.